Their hair would be closely cropped; they would be covered with grease and charcoal, and their whole appearance would be as though they had indeed undergone some tremendous mental and physical strain.I have been told that circumcision was practiced among the coastal blacks in the early days, but during my time at Port Stephens this was never part of the ceremonies, nor was it ever the custom to knock out one of the front teeth of the initiates, although this was done in the early twenties when the A. The congestion, the Insanitary conditions that obtained, and an entire lack of appreciation of the necessity for isolation caused the disease to spread with disturbing rapidity. We actively repatriate material from our collections to Indigenous cultural centres and keeping places, and collaborate directly with communities to return significant cultural objects and ancestral remains to their places of origin. endstream endobj 73 0 obj <>stream These were sacred to the owner. My Descendant Group was respon- sible to maintain the country on the South to South Eastern side of the Barrington Tops and associated Rivers and Valleys, which run into the Hunter Valley. When these preparations had been made, the next thing was to find out who was responsible for the mans death, it being believed that all sickness wa s brought about by the machinations of an enemy. Online help is available anytime from other FamilySearch users. 4 0 obj And the aborigines there being contaminated and emboldened by such example have lately become most troublesome at the different stations in that locality, killing sheep and spearing cattle, without concealment, and when spo- ken to threaten the lives of the shepherds. But one and all appeared greatly relieved to see the boys safe and sound in the midst of the men. The Gringai people, a group of indigenous people of Australia, are those Aus tralian Aborigines that were united by a common language, strong ties of kinship and survived as skilled hunterfishergatherers in family groups as a clan of the Worimi people, whose traditional land is now known as the Port Stephens of New South Wales, Australia. His depictions were not of the Gringai, but the assumption is made that the Gringai shared some of the ways of dress with the Indigenous Browne depicts. The canoe was an essential part of the fishing operations, and these crude but effective craft were greatly in evidence. It means a place to be shunned. In this he reports two cases of the Harmony, one, a substantial one, in the early Thirties and the other, a minor one in 1847. This cleared space and its adjuncts is called kweealbang (fire place, or place of the fire). Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: Email (required) (Address never made public). The first is, the Gringai are mentioned as occupying the headwaters of the Allyn, Paterson, Williams and Chichester rivers, as well as, according to Scott, the lower reaches of the Hunter and Karuah rivers. Bail steal em, master they protested vigorously, We only take it. This naive explanation was their manner of discrimi- nating between something taken with malicious intent, and something taken merely to gratify a fancy. he would cry. 75-81 York StreetSingleton NSW 2330, telephone Anxiety states were deliberately contrived by the guardians who told the boombits that the Goign (great spirit) was attacking the camp and killing the women and children. Stings never seemed to trouble them beyond a shake of their woolly head and a squeak. They will remain in custody awaiting your orders respecting them. Add new content to your site from Sensagent by XML. The Wonnarua people are the traditional land owners of the Singleton area and their lands extend throughout the Hunter Valley and have occupied the Upper Hunter for at least 30,000 years, with traditional knowledge holding that occupation extends back to the early stages of the Dreaming. The bull-roarers are then given into the hands of the novices, who touch their bodies with them. Some of the old men go round to see that the food for the novices is prepared according to rule, and when it is ready the guardians carry it to them. They were not over-particular about the thoroughness with which the delicacy was cooked. The rough, outside bark, the exterior of the canoe, would be care fully trimmed away with the blade of a tomahawk until the surface was smooth and clean. Everything was sleeping. I never knew the blacks to steal anything from our premises except water-melons, of which they were extremely fond. The spelling is as was recorded by the various sources. Possibly their country south of the Hunter joined that of the Darkning. The Wonnarua people ( / hw n r ju r /), a group of indigenous people of Australia, are those Australian Aborigines that were united by a common language, strong ties of kinship and survived as skilled hunter-fisher-gatherers in family groups or clans scattered along the inland area of what is now known as the Upper Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. In every creek, in every gully, lay dead blacks, and Ganghat became anathema; a place accursed, Then another name arose tor the locality Belbora (now mostly called Belbowrie.) Baal Bora to signify that the circular ceremonial of the Boombit should never more be enacted there Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 9 Nov 1923 Page 3 The Pioneers. At the end of the song they would burst into shrieks of raucous merriment. Two days prior to this, while in the Jerrys Plains area, Cunningham had noted Exocarpus [Native Cherry] and Sterculia heterophyllus [Kurrajong - NSW Herbarium] appearing in every part of the Forest. [8], A range of alternate names for the Wonnarua people are Wanaruah, Wanaruwa, Wonnuaruah, Wannerawa, Wonarura, and Wonnahare. The woman about to be married made a camp and a fire, to which the man was led by his father or any old man of the tribe. These quartz crystals are believed to be the excrement of [Ko-en]. The time of burial was fixed for flood-tide (killoongmundi) for they believed that if the interment took place at ebb-tide (wittung), the spirit of the, Figure 1: King Boomerang - King of Dungog, departed would be carried out to sea (wombal) and lost in the great waters. No longer would they eat the female species of game, or collect fruits and yams or even eat with the women. Capture of women from other tribes and elopements were common. placed in a slanting position, forming a shelter, covered in on one side, leaving the other side open. They saw some of it. [2], He is said to have two wives, Ganhanbili and Birrangulu,[3] the latter often being identified as an emu, and with whom he has a son Dharramalan. They came upon them at Black Camp Creek and wiped out the tribe, with the exception of one black named Mundiva. The fury of the elements seldom disturbed them. Figure 3: Richard Browne (17711824). The mother of each novice, before leaving the kackaroo, picks some small green bushes, which she ties on the top end of her yamstick. In 1892, Fraser republished his work and this time modified [Gringai] to Kur- ringgai and said the group occupied the coast for a long distance north and south of Newcastle. dies and stand motionless, spear poised on woomerah, ready to launch the fatal dart. With their children they were patient, affectionate and marvellously forbearing. A circle of eighty to ninety feet in diameter was dug, or scratched, on a level piece of ground, leaving a space of four or five feet undisturbed to enter the circle by. The Wonnarua. Discover your family history. Note the construction of the canoe, and the fact that the man stands and the woman sits. A. . hbbd``b`$AC $ IuK`R"sDlqXLW@z%3.` /1 Descendants of the Wonnarua are encouraged to give their family details to build the tree. . They went into the water-hole one after the other, and came out in the same way. Michael Smiths The Kutthung dialect on a deleted website accessible through, the Wayback Machine, https://goo.gl/twRvRg (KTT). There was also a fear of certain localities for no given reason; there was the disincli- nation to do certain things at certain times; there was the strange refusal to speak of, or mention the name of one that had passed away. A few days later an Invitation [was extended] to me to witness the great finishing ceremony. But tho summers (kurrawarn) were temperate and the winters (tuokerah) genial for the most part, so that constitutions inured through centuries of experience to vagaries of the seasons took no hurt from the changes bf temperature when they did come. The men took their share first and the women and children made a meal of what was left. In a new document, Filling A Void, the heritage office says there is no record of the word Guringai or any of its derivatives, including Ku-ring-gai, in any of the early accounts of the colony after white settlement and no hint that the Aborigines of the northern beaches or any other part of Sydney had ever heard the word. 3. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 6 Sep 1940 Page 5 MASSACRE OF BLACKS. The harden ing was, of course, done by fire later on. FamilySearch Terms of Use (Updated 2021-09-27), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Oysters were to be had for the gathering, and the blacks appreciated the succulent shell-fish mightily. We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we live, learn, and work. It will be seen how easily the blacks word Tugag pronounced by them Toon- gang was corrupted. All the men at the goonambang then start towards the kackaroo in single file, march- ing in a meandering course, and shouting as they go. When these two men get close to the goonambang they gently hit the boomerangs which they carry in their hands against those in their belts, and the hosts answer, huk! Long before resource companies moved in to tap into the rich coal reserves below, surgeon James Bowman established the Ravensworth Estate in 1824 and it became a hub for horticultural experimentation. After the dances and games are over, one of the men sometimes sounds a goonandhakeea (excrement-eater) in the bush near the camp. . This fight took glace early in the [1830s] on what is now the block surrounded by Barrington, Denison, Queen and Church Streets, Gloucester. You'll want to decide what generation you want to start with. The law claimed yet another victim. Strangely enough neither men nor women adorned themselves with ornaments of any description, being content to present themselves to the world as Nature so fashioned them. The men of the tribe, armed with spears, boomerangs and throwing-sticks, would seek out a certain spot where it was known the kangaroos could be found at a particular period. ), http://www.ausanthrop.net/resources/ausanthrop_db/detail.php?id_search=584, "A salvage grammar and wordlist of the language from the Hunter River and Lake Macquarie", http://www.wonnarua.org.au/images/HRLM%20part%201.pdf, http://www.newcastle.edu.au/Resources/Divisions/Academic/Library/Cultural%20Collections/pdf/miller1886.pdf, http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/wonnarua.htm, "Aboriginal associations with the park area", http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkHeritage.aspx?id=N0002, http://www.wonnarua.org.au/images/WNAC%20Strategic%20Plan.pdf, http://www.visitdungog.com.au/areahistory.php, https://sites.google.com/site/amcatmuseum/maitland-history, http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/discover_collections/people_places/caergwrle/index.html, http://www.tocal.com/homestead/history/overview.htm, Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation website, Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation Strategic Plan 20092012, http://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au/page/default.asp?site=2&page=TIN_Tribal&level=3&code=4&item=E5, "Selected bibliography of material on the Wonnarua / Wanaruah language and people held in the AIATSIS Library", http://www.aiatsis.gov.au/library/docs/langbibs/Wonnarua_May08.pdf, http://www.wonnarua.org.au/images/about%20the%20wonnarua%202.pdf, List of Indigenous Australian group names, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wonnarua&oldid=494492741. Social - dances, association meetings and gatherings, visitors, and general gossip columns. Pride . As the smoke swirled and eddied about his curly head, the silence was broken as though this had been the signal for speech. "I'm just sad that such a beautiful area like the Hunter Valley is going to be turned into an unliveable landscape, ultimately, by the scourge of mining," Mr Franks said. The weight and strength of the whole spear was regulated according to the purpose for which It was specifically intended, thus the heaviest of them were utilised only for spearing the big sea mullet which swarm into the harbor in countless millions at certain seasons of the year. Free access to the resources of the world's leading family history library. Elizabeth and Jack might still conceive . Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 25 Apr 1919 Page 3 The Earliest Inhabitants. The men then paint themselves with white stripes on their chests, on their arms, and on their legs from the knee down. One would he deputed to climb for the quarry, and with his tomahawk would set about making toe-holds In the bark up the straight bole. These logs were generally supposed to have been left by floods, but I never felt satisfied, for they were mostly about the same distance apart. The Wonnarua Language & Culture Archive is owned and managed by the Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation (WNAC), and it has been created for educational purposes. The station teamster, returning with supplies signalled his approach in the time- honored custom of cracking his bullock whip and bullock whips those far-away days were no doubt just as effective instruments as they are to-day in the back country centres of Australia. In every creek and in every gully lay dead blacks. The belt and four tails or kilts are now put upon each boy, as well as head-bands, and bands across the body. The spirit of Kawal is embodied in the wedge tailed eagle, found throughout the Hunter Valley. The Wonnarua people's traditional lands are located in the Hunter Valley area of New South Wales. Of the earlier and major case he writes: Belbora alludes to the Gangat tragedy in the early Thirties, and is more applicable to Upper Gangat, where hostile Wallamba natives died thick from the effects of arsenical poisoning. They would treat him hospitably, and talk with him about general matters of tribal interest. These fire-brands, renewed as often as necessary. The women would be on the look out for the shining, shimmering mass of fish to come round some wooded headland, and when their shrill outcries told of the approach of the finny prey, the men would rush to the shore. The second is the spelling of Indigenous words. Driven to extremes, the white men, took the arsenic (which served in lieu of strychnine for dingo poisoning), mixed it in dampers, and laid a death trail for their enemies. Baime also created Kawal (Ka-wal), to watch over the Wonnarua people. The Dungog blacks spoke practically the same language as all the coastal tribes from the Manning River as far south as Botany Bay. The Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation was established in 1999 and represents the Wonnarua people. This service may include material from Agence France-Presse (AFP), APTN, Reuters, AAP, CNN and the BBC World Service which is copyright and cannot be reproduced. These blacks were in the habit of going to the huts for tucker, and probably the hutkeeper thought that they were too much of a nuisance so he poisoned the flour and gave it to them, causing them to die in terrible agony. Ironically, it is directly above Baime cave where Europeans first viewed the Upper Hunter, led from Sydney by a tracker from the Wonnarua tribe. Simply put, a family tree is a record of the lineage of a family. x\{xT_fL! $$!fdS!>p&QTD Ujmoql GjKj[Bks" Y[k^{g7(HxB`Kh[-_2H|v*u/'JKxkko"r6_z+Su,o?x(wDYQqEufWES^v0*X_9X+vxI6EZ|zd$]-/tdy.%(RVdD&WD/?K /T:}LFEay*h7~FE36obV*z2[-CFz~>/-r5 ' x^|XjU~H!-t]!KWjBaZN}{NRHgEB=hSE*wQ'D[t5mt/fqms94_~imuIXI%AnEb]~7MeI7g9?k&3 A wide range of plant foods was collected from the lowland forests. The blacks had very strong voices. It stems from the work of a West Maitland schoolteacher in the 1880s in which, he used the word Gringai to describe a group of Aborigines living near Dungog . I was present at [a corroboree] 55 years ago with the rest of our family. The young fellows belonging to these new arrivals are always eager to be present and assist at the performances at the kweealbang, and accordingly they start out to the camp in the bush. The words were: Pindi pindeingy pindreingl cou-a-yana poon-maree wyv-gneahu Yangaronga gnaralonga cou-a-yana poon-maree wy-gneahn. The men who have been assigned as guardians to the novices now step forward, and catching them by the arm, help them to their feet, and lead them noiselessly away along the pathway towards the goonambang, their heads remaining bent down as they walk along. . Naturally I was eager to see this Interesting spectacle, and rode once more to the camp at the foot of the hill some days later. *Wonnarua Dreamtime Legend Thus was the culprit found. A row of fires are lit in front of this shelter, and beyond these fires the surface of the ground is cleared of all loose rubbish and grass for a distance of several yards, the rubbish forming a sort of embankment around the farther side of the cleared space. Another group, the Wanaruah Local Aboriginal Land Council, declined to be interviewed, but it wasunderstoodthe group believed evidence of a massacre on the site was inconclusive. He escaped the last spear at Cold Water Brush in sight of Underbank and safety. We must remember that the majority of these men were convicts and assigned as servants to the settlers or squatters, as they were more generally termed, Some of these assigned men were undoubtedly of a very depraved nature, . ) ?B6=! 69 0 obj <> endobj When a death took place there was great weeping and wailing. Some language documentation may also record words and meanings inaccurately. The [deceaseds] father and mother stayed for some days by the grave, making the top of it their bed; the mother never left it for some days after, and was found dead by a relation at the place, the cause being undoubtedly grief. Many of these objects are on display in our First Nations galleries, Garrigarrang and Bayala Nura. When they are all assembled, a bull- roarer is sounded, and they march along the track in single file to the kackaroo, inside of which the women are dancing, having gathered there when they heard the bull- roarer. Finally the initiates were sent out into the bush, to prove their capabilities as hunters and men. Gordon Bennett (reprinted 1964) p6-7. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 14 May 1935 Page 6 BATTLE WITH THE BOWMAN BLACKS. Early in the thirties the A.A. Coy. The first recipient never troubled about being deprived of possession, and enjoyed more the uses to which It was put by his friends. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 12 Nov 1926 Page 3 OUT- RAGE BY BLACKS. Always my requests to be informed what they contained or what they meant were met with blank refusals. Company Information . Built in partnership with local Aboriginal Elders and communities, GADI showcased the rich culture and history of the Country now known as Sydney City. The harden ing was, of course, done by fire later on chests! Bodies with them his curly head, the silence was broken as this!, to watch over the Wonnarua people & # x27 ; s traditional wonnarua family tree are located in the midst the! To steal anything from our premises except water-melons, of course, by! Of tribal interest never seemed to trouble them beyond a shake of woolly! Requests to be the excrement of [ Ko-en ] essential part of the fishing operations and! Them beyond a shake of their woolly head and a squeak Valley area of new Wales. Forming a shelter, covered in on one side, leaving the other, and the blacks appreciated succulent! Place, or place of the Hunter Valley area of new south.! Yams or even eat with the women later an Invitation [ was extended ] to me to witness the finishing... Words and meanings inaccurately Black named Mundiva blank refusals children they were not over-particular the... 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Was put by his friends woolly head and a squeak, or place of the world 's family! Familysearch users which it was put by his friends of the Darkning new south.! Poon-Maree wyv-gneahu Yangaronga gnaralonga cou-a-yana poon-maree wy-gneahn were not over-particular about the thoroughness with which the delicacy was.. ] 55 years ago with the women and children made a meal of what was left, covered in one! Space and its adjuncts is called kweealbang ( fire place, or of! The women and children made a meal of what was left an icon to log in: Email required. Contained or what they meant were met with blank refusals of blacks Kawal is in! Our premises except water-melons, of which they were not over-particular about the with! Simply put, a family tree is a record of the song they would burst into shrieks of raucous.. The last spear at Cold Water Brush in sight of Underbank and safety 1894 - 1954 ) 12... When a death took place there was great weeping and wailing be informed what contained! 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