Higher learning can offer individuals and societies a depth and breadth of vision absent from the inevitably myopic present. We look at Widener Library and see a great edifice, a backdrop of giant columns where photos are taken and 27 steps are worn down ever so slightly by the feet of a century of students and scholars. Military deaths alone were staggering: The number of soldiers who died between 1861 and 1865, an estimated 620,000, is approximately equal to the total American fatalities in the Revolution, the War of 1812, the Mexican War, the Spanish-American War, World War I, World War II, and the Korean War combined. To bury and to memorialize, and to go on living, even after the passing of more than two percent of American society, all this required, Faust shows, a new set of norms, a sobered worldview, a familiarity with death that seems unthinkable today. There were just ways of doing things that separated black and white. But somehow I always lost. Stories of war are infused with the aura of the consequential. [1][7] Her paternal great-grandfather, Lawrence Tyson, was a U.S. senator from Tennessee during the 1920s. She has also written books about the effects of the war on Southern womanhood and about the lives and culture of slaverys apologists in the antebellum South. What must we do? The inherent magnitude of a war story is, of course, that it is about life and death, about the quintessential moment of truth when the ultimate is at stake. [31], She was previously married to Stephen Faust. Yet even as these debates and disagreements continue, most Americans approach this Civil War anniversary with attitudes and assumptions quite different from those that prevailed fifty years ago. And that gave me a new perspective on what it must have meant in American society in the 1860s. I think back to the Emancipation Proclamation and how it welcomed black soldiers into the military. Several thousand men clad in blue and gray had assembled on the field where two major encounters of the war had been fought to perform, as a New York Times reporter described it, a dramatic rsum of the battles highlights. Perched in bleachers and grandstands or milling in an adjacent field of refreshment tents and folding chairs, an enthusiastic crowd had cheered victorious Confederates and booed fleeing Union troops, just as Virginians had hailed their predecessors a century before. And much is at stake, for us and for the world. Higher education, Fallis insists, has the responsibility to serve not just as a source of economic growth, but as societys critic and conscience. Their notion of war as sublime was clearly rooted in the nineteenth centurys romanticism. Catharine Drew Gilpin Faust (born September 18, 1947) [1] is an American historian and was the 28th president of Harvard University, the first woman to serve in that role. A Civil War historian, she said she has been thinking about civil rights since she was a child.. As late as the 1920s, enrollments in the United States stood below 5 percent of the college-age population. In a mode both analytical and elegiac, Faust removed the veil from a subject that has never fit into the sentimentalized Civil War demanded by many enthusiasts. She is the author, most recently, of "This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War." End of preview. This Republic of Suffering (2008) was a critically acclaimed exploration of how the United States' understanding of death was shaped by the high losses during the Civil War. . This paradox at the heart of the experience of war also forms the core of wars attraction to writers and artists. The many collections of soldiers letters I have read in archives North and South reflect this struggle between the impossibility and necessity of communicating wars truths. Harvard and the world. Education. Corrections? Like any good story, it offers the promise and gratification that accompany a resolution of the plot. It enacted a morality play demanding that a nation that regarded itself as the last best hope of Earth confront its own deep-seated injustices. And that, I believe, was part of his motivation. 801-422-4511, Humility, Hope, and the Work of Becoming Educated | Drew Gilpin Faust | 2021. How did they deal with the bodies? Tens of thousands of participants and spectators are expected, for the enthusiasm to refight the Civil War has only grown in the fifty years since the centennial observances. From comments of astonished pundits on television, in print, and online, to conversations with bewildered friends and colleagues, the question seems unavoidableand mesmerizing: What is going on? That army was not simply destroyed through death and disease, but also through all those men who seemed to disappear back into the hillsides. Yet even a hundred years after its conclusion, Americans acknowledged but could not agree upon the true nature of its importance. It is indeed striking how often the language of altitude is used by those describing the allure of war: it will lift, elevate, raise us towards the transcendent, and link us to the sublime, a word often repeated in nineteenth century paeans to war. Never such innocence again, Philip Larkin concluded in his poem MCMXIV. Modernity enshrined irony, learned, Fussell would have it, from the horror of the First World War. I was fascinated by how anybody could do such a thing and the bases on which they justified this to themselves and how they came to see the world in this way. Fivescore years ago, he declared, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. King here invoked two of Lincolns most famous utterances, both issued, as he noted, just a hundred years before. And we must do still more. She graduated from Concord (Massachusetts) Academy in 1964 and received a B.A. Catherine Drew Gilpin was born into a prosperous Virginia family on September 18, 1947, and raised in Clarke County in the northern reaches of the Shenandoah Valley. Will this reenactment do any more to acknowledge the wars purposes and politics and their continuing significance than did the reenactments of fifty years ago? Sept. 1, 2009. Part of this is the result of the extensive work historians have undertaken since the 1960s. overridebuttonBgColor= Similar policies were subsequently adopted by Stanford, Yale, and many other private U.S. universities and colleges. [25], Faust championed organic lawn management of the campus grounds and Harvard Yard during her tenure, including adopting the practices at Elmwood, the presidents house on Brattle Street. Has the market model become the fundamental and defining identity of higher education? Source: Library of Congress. Faust served as an officer of the American Historical Association and the Southern Historical Association, a board member of the Society of American Historians and the Organization of American Historians, and a judge for the Pulitzer Prize in history. It is war stories like these that lure the toiling clerk in city grey to volunteer in anticipation of the grandeur of another Agincourt we few, we happy few and then to experience instead the reality of the Somme. At Penn there wasnt the same strong tradition of Southern history that had come into being at, for example, Yale and Johns Hopkins. As a British soldier wrote of Gallipoli, It was a horrible day and a great day. Reason and responsibility. I felt our students would learn a lot, and I felt that it was important for the military as well. Harvard College is a residential community of learning with a goal, in the words of its dean, of personal and social as well as intellectual transformation. War stories matter. But today, for all its importance to individual and social prosperity, higher education threatens to become less broadly available. The cemetery, where Fausts grandfather was laid to rest, bore numerous headstones that said only, Unidentified Confederate., The other history was Fausts own era, the second half of the twentieth century, as it was beginning to unfold around her. Drew Gilpin Faust, American historian and author, delivered this forum address on March 30, 2021. . Drew Gilpin Faust Image credit: National Endowment for the Humanities. This too has shaped a new approach to our past. In a fascinating 40-minute interview on the latest episode . They have the power to send men into battle and to shape the wars they fight. by Drew Gilpin Faust nn the first battle of the Civil War, the only casualty was a horse. One was the presence of the Civil War and living on a highway called the Lee-Jackson Highway. . Drew Faust has been a pioneer in at least three distinct subfields of nineteenth-century American history: first, the intellectual history of the Old South, especially proslavery ideology; second, the history of women and gender; and third, the social and cultural history of the Civil War, particularly that conflicts overwhelming scale of death and suffering. How can I picture it all? Homer demanded in the Iliad. [30] They have a daughter, Jessica Rosenberg, who is a Harvard graduate and works for The New Yorker. His work, the now all-but-iconic The Things They Carried, is like that of Kien in The Sorrow of War, fragmented and filled with disruptions. Often, OBrien writes, you cant even tell a true war story. War makes rattling good history, a Thomas Hardy character observes in The Dynasts. And it also emphasizes the kinds of pedagogical innovation that are a necessary part of adapting to the world that has been transformed in the ways I have described. We seek to educate people, not just minds; our highest aspiration is not just knowledge, but wisdom. The former dean of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Faust is also . Derek Bok, who had served as president of Harvard from 1971 to 1991, returned to serve as an interim president during the 20062007 academic year. From across the Universitygraduate, professional, and hundreds of undergraduateswe see a remarkable enthusiasm, for example for the field of global health because it unites the power of knowledge and science with a deeply-felt desire to do good in the worldto lead lives of meaning and purpose. So often, I have found, men describe themselves as beyond feeling or comprehension, numbed by their experience, yet nevertheless seeking a means to convey its significance and impact. Drew Gilpin Faust President, Harvard University. This is why it can provide the satisfaction of meaning to its participants; this too is why it offers such a natural attraction to writers and historians. Yet even as they described the impossibility of their task and the ineffability of war, each of these witnesses to war set about to write, to use language where none could be found, to employ words to decry those words very inadequacy. In an 1963 essay for the New York Times entitled Our Past Isnt What It Used to Be, the eminent historian C. Vann Woodward observed that there was far less agreement over the interpretation of the Civil War today than there was a half century ago. History, he remarked in a wry variation of Clausewitzs famous dictum, becomes the continuation of war by other means.. She had followed Lawrence H. Summers, who was forced out for saying that "intrinsic" gender differences accounted for the lack of women in science. are 74 percent higher than for workers who possess only a high school diploma. Ruth J. Simmons during a 2007 Harvard panel discussion among women Ivy League presidents (including then-president-designate Drew Gilpin Faust) Courtesy Harvard University T his morning, Harvard announced that Ruth Simmons, Ph.D. '73, LL.D. And I used that perception of womens changing views of the war to suggest that this may have been a real factor in the erosion of the Confederate army. This compulsion rests at the center of Bao Ninhs remarkable novel of North Vietnam, published in the United States in 1991 as The Sorrow of War. overrideCardHideSection=false What can we do? Even as universities, both public and private, face unanticipated financial constraints, the president has called on them to assist in solving problems from health care delivery to climate change to economic recovery. We have been telling and hearing and reading war stories for millennia. Drew Gilpin Faust: Thank you, Percy. In myriad ways we challenge our students to be individuals of character as well as of learning. After all, such people were individuals with lives and with agency and with influence on the outcome of historical events. This is a book about writing, and about war, and about their interdependence. Another would be the importance of the United States and Lincolns arguments for the United States. A nation with a black president contrasts significantly with the nation that in 1961 still denied millions of black southerners the franchise. It is terrible and yet we love it; we need to witness the worst of its destruction in order not to love it even more. Faust has not merely contributed to historical knowledge or told old stories well. Moreover, many students around the world simply cannot access universities. There wasnt a vivid discourse of race. Drew Gilpin Faust was the first woman to serve as the president of Harvard University and is a historian and award-winning author. He was a biographers dream. [22] Reports on Faust's salary differ: The Boston Globe reports that Faust made $775,043 in the 20072008 school year,[23] while The Harvard Crimson reported that Faust made $693,739 in salary and benefits for the 20082009 fiscal year. But from the time he was much smaller he had us playing Civil War. On the June day in 1980 when young historian Drew Gilpin Faust married fellow historian Charles Rosenberg, she received a congratulatory call from Vartan Gregorian, then provost at the University of Pennsylvania, where Faust was on faculty. For the Civil War, it was perhaps Robert E. Lee who captured this contradiction most memorably in his often and variously quoted remark to James Longstreet as they watched the slaughter at Fredericksburg in 1862. Jeffrey R. Holland March 8, 1977. Drew Faust has been a pioneer in at least three distinct subfields of nineteenth-century American history: first, the intellectual history of the Old South, especially proslavery ideology; second, the history of women and gender; and third, the social and cultural history of the Civil War, particularly that conflict's overwhelming scale of death overrideTextAlignment= It was an all-American war of brother against brother as it is so often put. The army and the military services were integrated into American life in a way they no longer are. It beggars all description. A Wisconsin nurse, aiding the wounded in Tennessee, wrote home of the mental and physical suffering around her: There are times when the meaning of words seem to fade away; so entirely does our language fail to express the reality. In its assault on language, war once again challenges our very identity and essence, for it is words that help to define us as distinctively human. I believe that if we approach the past with the goal of understanding rather than judging, we have the opportunity to learn from the shortcomings as well as the achievements of our forebears, she said. She was the first woman to hold the office and the first president since the 17th century who did not have a Harvard degree. She earned a BA magna cum laude with honors in history from Bryn Mawr College in 1968. And how they create the structures of meaning and understanding that serve as the lens through which they view what is around them and the events that confront them. . Higher education is not about results in the next quarter but about discoveries that may take and last decades or even centuries. Mothers of Invention undoubtedly led Faust to her next major subject. She published a book about Americans attitudes towards death in the nineteenth century in an attempt to understand the effect of the Civil War and other tragedies to follow on that topic. As time has passed, she has learned that American society has approached death differently over time, with a stronger tendency to avoid the topic altogether today than there was in the past. If one considers any period of 100 years in the last 5,000, an average of 94 of those years would have witnessed a large-scale conflict in some area of the world. Lincoln rendered the United States as the last best hope of earth at a time when democracies around the world were struggling and it looked like that form of government might not survive. These battlefield tourists earned the scorn and resentment of the wounded and of those struggling to provide aid amidst the desolation. As president of Harvard from 2007 to 2018, Faust expanded financial aid to improve access to Harvard College for students of all economic backgrounds and advocated for increased federal funding for scientific research. Above all, in this book, Faust achieved a rare kind of historical writing: unforgettable descriptions of what we have not wanted to see in this story, intertwined with an interpretation of death on such a scale that in its incomprehensibility the Civil War generation experienced a loss of historical innocence from which each generation might learn anew, if only they face it. There is no clarity. Because we still believe that as a nation we have been defined by the ideals and the sacrifice of that war, we feel compelled even a hundred fifty years later to situate ourselves in relationship to it. Humility is a prerequisite for becoming educated.. Tragedy, Aristotle wrote, is complete, whole, and of a certain magnitude the very stuff Hemingway had found in his experience of war. . It would take a god to tell the tale. Even to write about war, Homer observes, is to reach beyond the human, towards the sacred. And thats what sent me off into this set of inquiries. And yet. But from Homer to Whitman to Owen to Heller to those telling the stories of our wars today, we have grappled to use the humanity of words to understand the inhumanity of war. The Transcontinental Railroad is another example. So, too, have declining levels of government support. accounting . May we and the students we send forth today embrace it. Confederate Women and the Narratives of War," Drew Gilpin Faust emphasizes the importance of the Civil War as it stood out among other wars for "the place of women in that conflict stimulated especially significant . She promoted access to higher education by increasing financial aid offers to students at Harvard College. But the stories we tell in creating narratives of war rarely deliver the order and control they promise. The presence of Drew Gilpin Faust, the 28th president of Harvard University and the Lincoln Professor of History, made this Askwith Forum noteworthy. Wars are indeed turning points both in individual lives and in national histories. But the input of her brother, Donald Gilpin, a retired teacher of English and drama, sparked both memories and insights. [5], Drew Gilpin was born in New York City[6] and raised in Clarke County, Virginia, in the Shenandoah Valley. As Ernest Hemingway once explained to F. Scott Fitzgerald, War is the best subject of all. Western historiography was born somewhat later, but it too emerged as a chronicle of war in the hands of Herodotus and Thucydides in the fifth century BCE. A well-known scholar of the antebellum South and the Civil War era and, since 2007, president of Harvard University, Faust had two histories in mind. Drew Gilpin Faust, the president of Harvard University, talks about leading the institution through a decade of change, from the financial crisis to the Trump era. Drew Gilpin Faust used her inauguration as the 28th president of Harvard University over the weekend to defend American higher education from critics who allege students are not being taught enough, faculty are not held to high enough standards and the college experience costs too much. But it nevertheless reminds us that the human attraction to war as an embodiment of the transcendent is about the struggle to surpass the boundaries of the human as well as the limits of human understanding. I agree with Ana Mari Cauce and John Hennessy that accessibility, inclusivity, and innovation are critical to the future of higher education. Change, the message is, lies at the heart of what education does, how it empowers us and what it demands of us. In 2014, she was ranked by Forbes as the 33rd most powerful woman in the world. Keegan insisted on allowing the combatants to speak for themselves. The Civil War has proved a rich context in which to pursue such a strategy, for the broad literacy of the American population generated tens, likely hundreds, of thousands of soldiers letters sent home from battlefields from Bull Run to Petersburg and carefully cherished and preserved by their recipients. naming . . Unlike perhaps any other institutions in the world, they embrace the long view and nurture the kind of critical perspectives that look far beyond the present. LEACH: There is in Lincolns background that dimension, and also the obverse dimension. Even a war story that focuses on the seemingly trivial and mundane uses the weight of wars meaning to imbue the smallest detail with extraordinary import. Faust replaced Lawrence Summers, who resigned on June 30, 2006, after a series of controversial statements that led to mounting criticism from members of Harvard's Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Even the battlefield looks different. If we can comprehend the sources and mechanisms of their blindness, perhaps we can better equip ourselves to acknowledge and confront our own.. First was the history of the Civil War. The seductiveness of war derives in part from its location on this boundary of the human, the inhuman and the superhuman. Surely the slaughter of the Western Front eliminated any future for the language and narratives of what Owen called The old Lie? They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. But what began to become even more interesting as I moved into my graduate historical studies was one aspect of Southern history, which was the revolution in the study of slavery. It places the tradition and the principles of general education within a curriculum that is new and forward-looking. She came north for high school to Concord Academy, a girls prep school in Massachusetts, and then to Bryn Mawr, a womens college outside Philadelphia, where she graduated in 1968. On December 10, 2007, Faust announced a new policy for middle-class and upper-middle-class students, which limited parental contributions to 10 percent for families making between $100,000 and $180,000 annually, and replaced loans with grants. Old, indeed: The words are taken from an ode by Horace and were 2,000 years later inscribed on the wall of the chapel at Sandhurst for aspiring young soldiers soon to be headed for the trenches of France. Our narratives are not just modeled from war; they become models for war. . As James Madison wrote in 1822, a people who mean to be their own Governors, must arm themselves with the power that knowledge gives. Robert Penn Warren wrote of the war as that mystic cloud from which emerged our modernity, the great single event of our history. Historian and novelist Shelby Foote has called it the crossroads of our being. John Hope Franklin believed that it provided a common experience of suffering and sacrifice without which real nationhood and pursuit of a common destiny would have remained impossible. C. Vann Woodward was at Hopkins before he ended up at Yale. War and narrative in some sense create one another. Most of the costumed soldiers and camp followers will have read extensively about the war; they will wear garments accurate to the last button and stitch; they will use period weapons and canteens and knapsacks, for authenticity is the watchword of the thriving reenactor culture. Human beings are in fact powerfully attracted to war. But we should ask ourselves how in the construction of war stories we may be helping to construct war itself. With such probing insights, Faust has made a permanent impact on the writing of American history. Faust is the first woman to serve as Harvard president and the university's 28th president overall. Still we are lured by war and still we tell the stories that both shape and distort our understanding of it. He became almost a barometer for his culture as he tried to take on each of its requirements for advancement. A liberal arts education is designed to equip students for just such flexibility and imagination. It attained a scale that shocks and horrifies a scale of drama and a scale of death that prefigured the slaughter of the century that followed. And the opening of citizenship to individuals who had been excluded from it. Yet still we try. . Dr. Drew Gilpin Faust is the President of Harvard University, the first woman to hold the position and the university's 28th president overall. This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War (2008) assesses the lasting impact of civil war fatalities on American attitudes toward death. That humanitys highest creative aspirations of literature and imagination have been all but inseparable from its most terrible invention: the scourge of war? And so to incorporate their perceptions but also to unite those individuals with others who may not necessarily agree with them. She took the name Faust when she married in 1968; the marriage ended in 1976. Harvard University President Drew Gilpin Faust will step down next June, capping what will be an 11-year tenure at one of the most prestigious universities in the world.. Ms. Faust is the first . The questions we choose to ask and the research we decide to support; the standards of integrity we expect of our colleagues and students; the community we build and the model we offer: All of this is central to who we are. FAUST: It began with my book on women of the Confederate South and with my engagement with their diaries and letters. I could see that slaves were naming their children after their grandparents. But at this moment in our history, universities might well ask if they have in fact done enough to raise the deep and unsettling questions necessary to any society. Memory and history focused on battles, glory and sacrifice, with still divisive issues of race pushed largely aside in deference to white southern custom and sentiment. It is about learning that molds a lifetime, learning that transmits the heritage of millennia; learning that shapes the future. The federal governments first effort to support higher education, the Morrill Act of 1862, which established land grant colleges, was intended to advance the practical education of the industrial classes. A Department of Education report from 2006, A Test of Leadership: Charting the Future of Higher Education, concentrated on creating a competitive American work force and advancing our collective prosperity. 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